Mastectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of one or both breasts to treat or prevent breast cancer. It is recommended for large tumors, multiple tumors, genetic predisposition (BRCA mutations), or cancer recurrence. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, where an incision is made to remove the breast tissue. In some cases, lymph nodes and the nipple may also be removed. Recovery takes 4-6 weeks, with hospital discharge in 1-2 days. Potential complications include infection, fluid buildup, and changes in arm mobility. Post-operative care includes wound care, physiotherapy, and emotional support. Some patients opt for breast reconstruction or external prosthetics for cosmetic restoration. Radiation or chemotherapy may be needed depending on cancer staging. Mastectomy provides an effective solution for breast cancer management, reducing recurrence risks and improving long-term survival outcomes.